Chemical equilibria in reactive systems underpin many natural and industrial processes, where the interplay between chemical reactions and phase separations yields complex behaviours. In these systems ...

A hot gas dissociates very quickly, on the order of microseconds. One might think we could neglect the speed of dissociation, then, and model the gas in an equilibrium state. However, many things ...

Equilibrium thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, transport properties, gas laws, and phase equilibria with an emphasis on solution behavior and applications to molecules important in the environmental ...