Restrictions set on millions of acres of old-growth national forest land in Alaska were rescinded by the federal government Monday.

The proposal could open road construction and logging to about 30 percent of Forest Service land, including about 37% of Montana’s U.S. Forest Service acreage, 45% of Idaho’s and 35% of Wyoming’s. But it could also leave the Forest Service in a quagmire of interlocking policies and plans that have shaped everything from local economies to hunting and snowmobiling access.

The Roadless Rule has flip-flopped multiple times since it was established to protect undeveloped lands, including areas of the Tongass National Forest, in 2001.